What Is Butyrate? Benefits and Side Effects

Author: Geym

Oct. 21, 2024

Understanding Butyrate: Its Benefits and Possible Side Effects

Combat aging! Revitalize your gut health!

At Yufeng, we strive to be your reliable supplier and partner through competitive pricing and prompt delivery.

Advertisement

Cleveland Clinic serves as a non-profit academic medical institution, and the advertising on our platform supports our mission. We don't endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

Explore social media, and you'll discover a plethora of enthusiastic posts revolving around the trending microbiome term: #butyrate.

From TikTok to Instagram and beyond, users and advertisers are touting this short-chain fatty acid, asserting that it contributes to a wide range of benefits extending from improved digestion to alleviating depression. Proponents are blending fiber-rich sauerkraut into soups, indulging in butter and kombucha, and opting for supplements to increase their body’s butyrate levels.

But what exactly is butyrate, and does it deliver on the promises made by its supporters? Or is it simply a trend without substantial benefits?

Early research, mainly derived from animal studies, indicates that the reality may fall somewhere in the middle. Renowned dietitian and gut microbiome expert Gail Cresci, PhD, RD, provides crucial insights on the topic of butyrate.

What Is Butyrate?

Butyrate is generated when “good” bacteria in your intestines assist in breaking down dietary fiber within your large intestine (colon). It is one of several short-chain fatty acids, categorized based on its chemical structure.

Dr. Cresci has dedicated over a decade to unraveling the benefits of butyrate. “It’s remarkable how many advantageous roles it plays within the body,” she emphasizes.

Butyrate (pronounced "byoo-ter-ate") is vital for the health of your digestive system, serving as the primary energy source for colon cells, meeting around 70% of their energy requirements. Furthermore, it may offer a variety of health advantages, including bolstering your immune system, reducing inflammation, and preventing diseases such as cancer.

Advertisement

What are the Different Types of Butyrate?

One form of butyrate is butyric (or butanoic) acid, a chemically altered variant sometimes incorporated into foods and supplements.

Additional types include:

  • Ethyl butyrate (used as a flavor enhancer).
  • Hydrocortisone butyrate (a type of corticosteroid).
  • Sodium butyrate (commonly found in supplements).

Where Can I Find Butyrate?

Butter serves as a potent source of butyrate, though you would have to consume significantly more than recommended, considering its high saturated fat content can heighten cardiovascular risks. Instead, elevate your body’s butyrate levels by increasing daily fiber intake through plant-based foods.

Since your body does not metabolize fiber during digestion, it remains untouched for gut bacteria to process. Healthy gut bacteria convert soluble, fermentable fibers into butyrate.

Other sources comprise prebiotics and fiber-rich supplements.

Foods That Enhance Butyrate Production

Boosting butyrate levels can be achieved by eating fiber-rich foods. Excellent natural sources include a nutritious diet abundant in:

  • Fruits.
  • Legumes.
  • Vegetables.
  • Whole grains.
  • Resistant starches like cooked potatoes and rice.

Now, let’s delve deeper into some of these categories.

Fruits

Numerous fruits harbor fermentable fibers, including:

Vegetables and Legumes

Fiber-rich vegetables and legumes include:

  • Artichokes.
  • Asparagus.
  • Broccoli.
  • Carrots.
  • Chickpeas.
  • Garlic.
  • Green peas.
  • Leafy greens.
  • Onions.
  • Potatoes.
  • Turnip greens.

Full-Fat Dairy Products

While these foods are delicious, moderation is key due to their high saturated fat and cholesterol content (ideally no more than 5% to 6% of your total daily calorie intake). This category consists of:

  • Butter.
  • Cheese.
  • Ghee.
  • Milk (from cows, sheep, goats, etc.).

If you’re new to fiber intake, consider gradually integrating it into your diet and staying hydrated. You might experience some intestinal gas or bloating, but this should pass within a few days, as noted by Dr. Cresci.

“If you consume a lot of fiber without adequate hydration, you might face significant constipation,” she states. “Check the color of your urine; it should stay light yellow throughout the day, indicating proper hydration.”

Butyrate and Butyric Acid Supplements

Certain supplements may promote butyrate production, yet consulting with your healthcare provider prior to commencement is crucial. Most supplements incorporate butyric acid and various salts, but their effectiveness remains unproven.

“The optimal approach to acquiring butyrate is through consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in soluble fermentable fibers,” Dr. Cresci advises. “Nourish your body, and it will produce butyrate for you.”

Advertisement

What Could Lower My Butyrate Levels?

You might have lowered butyrate levels along with a heightened risk of gut infections or inflammation if:

  • Your diet lacks sufficient foods that foster butyrate production.
  • Your intake of butyrate-producing bacteria is diminished due to low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. Reducing dietary fiber translates to diminished butyrate.
  • Certain medications (like antibiotics) can impede your body’s capacity to produce and absorb butyrate, or you may face disturbances in your gut microbiome due to chronic conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes.

What Functions Does Butyrate Serve in My Body?

Initial studies indicate that butyrate can enhance gut health; however, further investigation is necessary to grasp its functions in humans and whether it has other benefits. Butyrate might promote weight loss, stabilize blood sugar levels, maintain or improve gut function, and provide protection against or assist in treating various diseases.

Here are an array of benefits that butyrate is believed to provide:

1. Diminish Inflammation

Research suggests that butyrate-related supplements may alleviate the severity of disease-causing (pathogenic) bacterial infections by reducing inflammation, potentially avoiding life-threatening situations such as sepsis.

Additionally, researchers have associated low butyrate levels with an escalated risk for inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal (colon) cancer.

Advertisement

2. Alleviate Gastrointestinal Issues

Butyrate helps strengthen the gut barrier, preventing harmful bacteria and microbes from entering your bloodstream. Sodium butyrate supplements might assist those suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and Crohn's disease.

In one particular study, 66 adults diagnosed with IBS who incorporated sodium butyrate into their daily routine reported less abdominal pain. In another evaluation, 9 out of 13 participants with Crohn's disease noted symptom improvements after consistently consuming butyric acid for eight weeks.

3. Lower the Risk of Colon Cancer

Additional research indicates that a fiber-rich diet, which encourages the production of butyrate, could help reduce your colon cancer risk.

A laboratory study involving human cancer cell lines established that sodium butyrate could inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells and induce cancer cell death (apoptosis). It has also been recognized for reducing harm stemming from cancer treatments or chemotherapy.

4. Enhance Insulin Sensitivity

Individuals suffering from Type 2 diabetes frequently contend with insulin resistance and obesity. Due to the role of butyrate in producing gut hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, it may alleviate these symptoms. Some studies have revealed a potential connection between butyrate production and improved insulin sensitivity.

5. Safeguard Brain Health

Foods and supplements that favor butyrate have potential benefits for brain health. Research shows that butyrate can offer protection to your brain while enhancing its adaptive abilities (plasticity).

Advertisement

Early findings suggest it may play an important role in preventing or managing stroke, depression, and other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

6. Address Cardiovascular Conditions

Certain studies indicate that butyrate could provide protective benefits against prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Issues related to the heart and blood vessels increase your susceptibility to:

7. Improve Sleep Quality

The benefits of butyrate even extend to your sleep quality. Recent evidence suggests that gut bacteria send signals that promote restful sleep.

A study reported that rodents administered butyrate exhibited significant increases in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep lasting up to four hours post-treatment. NREM stages are crucial for both physical and mental well-being.

How Much Butyric Acid Do I Need?

The precise butyrate intake requirements remain unknown. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) suggests a daily dietary fiber intake of 25 grams for women and 35 grams for men, translating to approximately 28 grams within a 2,000-calorie daily diet. Your needs may vary based on personal calorie intake. This fiber intake should encompass both soluble (butyrate-producing) and insoluble fibers.

Are There Any Side Effects to Butyrate?

Further studies are needed to ascertain the safety of butyrate and the acceptable dosages. However, a few concerns are noteworthy:

For additional details on isobutyric acid manufacturer, please get in touch with us for expert advice.

  • Certain healthcare professionals recommend avoiding butyric acid supplements during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Butyrate has also been reported to cause symptoms in individuals with bloating or heightened sensitivity in the gut (food intolerances) who require lower fiber intake.
  • For obese individuals already exhibiting high butyrate levels, supplementation may be counterproductive.

In summary, more butyrate does not necessarily mean better health outcomes. As with all supplements, avoid seeking advice from social media influencers. Instead, consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

Insights on Butyric Acid Supplements

Updated on September 16,

Are you contemplating adding butyric acid supplements to your regimen? This potent molecule boasts numerous health advantages, notably supporting both gastrointestinal and neurological wellness.* When is it advisable to incorporate a butyric acid supplement? What are the top choices available? And are there any associated risks?

This article addresses these queries surrounding this versatile compound and explores the potential perks of adopting an advanced butyric acid supplement into your lifestyle. Use the links provided below to navigate to specific sections about butyric acid and its supplements.

A Fundamental Overview of Butyric Acid

Butyric acid, or butyrate, is classified as a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced in the large intestine when beneficial gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber. Butyric acid is also obtainable through plant oils, animal fats, and dietary supplements. This multifunctional molecule is recognized for its distinctive odor and broad spectrum of health benefits.*

The health advantages of butyric acid stem from the following:

  • Epigenetic Regulator: These are specific molecules that influence gene expression. Butyric acid acts as an epigenetic regulator, inhibiting abnormal cell growth and regulating cellular processes through changes in gene expression1.*
  • Energy Source: Butyric acid serves as a primary energy source for colon cells (colonocytes), fulfilling about 60-70% of their energy requirements2.*
  • Transmembrane Protein Activator: Butyric acid activates various transmembrane proteins that facilitate numerous cellular signaling pathways3.*

Reasons to Consider Butyric Acid Supplementation

Butyric acid can naturally be found in foods such as milk, aged cheeses (like parmesan), butter, cream, yogurt, and fermented soy products. Moreover, including plant items rich in dietary fibers is a great way to support the endogenous production of butyric acid through bacterial synthesis. A diet laden with legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts assists the body in maintaining optimal butyric acid levels.*

So, why might you need a butyric acid supplement? It might be worth incorporating into your diet if:

  1. Your digestive system struggles with a fiber-rich diet: Certain gastrointestinal conditions can make high fiber intake uncomfortable or even painful. Additionally, many people following a Western diet find it hard to consume adequate fiber daily.
  1. If your gut microbiome fails to produce enough butyrate: Individuals with certain gastrointestinal issues might have low butyric acid levels, especially if their inflamed gastrointestinal lining cannot absorb the produced butyrate. Other conditions that cause dysbiosis (unfavorable changes in gut microbial populations) can dampen butyrate production as well. Even those adhering to recommended dietary fiber intakes may find their intestines produce insufficient butyrate.*

Under such circumstances, butyric acid supplements may serve as a viable alternative (or enhancement) to a fiber-rich diet.*

Raw Butyric Acid Versus Butyric Acid Supplements

Standard butyrate supplementation typically involves administering butyrate mineral salts or utilizing sodium butyrate enemas. However, sodium butyrate emits a strong, unpleasant odor upon contact with moisture, rendering it hard to consume orally. On the other hand, sodium butyrate enemas are not commonly favored compared to oral supplements due to the requirement of rectal administration under medical supervision.*

When selecting a butyric acid supplement, keep in mind that not all oral options are formulated the same. The following table compares the palatability and absorption characteristics of raw butyric acid and butyric acid supplements.*

Comparison: Raw Butyric Acid Against Butyric Acid Supplements

Raw Butyric Acid

Butyric Acid Supplements

Palatability

Its intense odor and harsh taste make it difficult to ingest.

Advanced supplement formulations ensure butyrate is easy to consume.

Absorption

Quickly absorbed in the upper intestinal tract and discarded from the body.

Encapsulated butyrate supplements facilitate targeted delivery of butyric acid for enhanced absorption.*

Potential Advantages of Butyric Acid Supplements

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the functionality of multiple organs. Research has demonstrated that butyric acid supplements can elevate glutathione levels, consequently reducing oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal system and other organs5.*

Besides influencing intestinal health and oxidative stress, the gut microbiome has been connected to cognitive modulation through the “gut-brain axis,” which can potentially regulate behavior, learning, and memory6.*

The subsequent table elucidates how butyric acid supplementation supports gastrointestinal and neurological health.*

Benefits of Butyric Acid Supplements

Gastrointestinal System:

Butyric acid's presence in the gut inhibits the growth of pathogenic (harmful) bacteria, which detrimentally affect gut health and functionality7.* Butyric acid supplementation fosters gastrointestinal health via:


  • **Addressing Oxidative Stress:** Research indicates that butyrate can help modulate oxidative stress in the colon8.*

  • **Acting as an Intestinal Barrier:** Butyrate encourages mucin production, which are glycoproteins (mucus) made by colon cells that serve as a protective internal layer9.*

  • **Metabolic Regulation:** Butyrate aids the colon in absorbing sodium chloride (NaCl), a mechanism that defends against dehydration9.*

  • **Immune Function:** Butyric acid favorably affects immune responses within the intestinal mucosa by influencing immune cell movement, adhesion, and functions10.*

  • **Colonic Motility:** Butyric acid enhances colonic motility, promoting peristaltic movements that facilitate stool passage11.*

Neurological System:

Butyrate exhibits protective neuromodulatory effects and interacts with the gut-brain axis to support healthy cognitive functions12.*

Future Investigations into Butyric Acid Benefits

The established roles of butyric acid in gastrointestinal and neurological health have spurred recent research exploring its previously overlooked properties and benefits. Below are prospective studies on butyric acid benefits:

  • Butyric Acid and Weight Management: A burgeoning connection between gut microflora and metabolic health has recently emerged. Butyrate has been associated with beneficial effects on cellular energy metabolism and intestinal equilibrium.* Low levels of butyrate have been tied to a variety of metabolic conditions, including blood glucose control, insulin resistance, and weight gain14. Butyric acid supplementation may promote effective weight management15.*
  • Butyric Acid for Heart Health: Studies imply that butyric acid can permeate the portal vein, favorably affecting lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and other crucial metabolic frameworks.* Dysbiosis in gut microbiota has been recognized as an advancing factor in adverse cardiovascular conditions16. Butyric acid supplementation might possess cardioprotective properties by stabilizing gut microbial composition17.*
  • Butyric Acid for Kidney Health: This molecule exhibits immunomodulatory characteristics and affects regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T-helper cell activity, promoting normal inflammatory responses.* Ongoing investigations are uncovering its potential immunoregulatory efficacy in addressing renal injury conditions18.*

Frequently Asked Questions About Butyric Acid Supplements

The following represent common inquiries concerning butyric acid supplements:

What is the Recommended Butyric Acid Supplement Dosage?

The suggested intake of butyric acid in currently available dietary supplements ranges from 150-300 mg/day19.*

Are Butyric Acid Supplements Safe?

The safety profile of butyric acid is well-studied. No toxicity or adverse effects have been documented, and butyric acid supplements are generally well-accepted, even in substantial quantities.*

Can I Use Butyric Acid Supplements with Prescription Medications?

Always consult with your healthcare provider before integrating butyric acid supplements into your routine, particularly alongside prescription medications or other dietary supplements, as potential interactions may exist.

How Do I Choose the Best Butyric Acid Supplement for My Health?

Key attributes of the most effective butyric acid supplements include:

  • **Enhanced Absorption:** Targeted delivery facilitates the absorption of butyric acid at the desired gut regions.
  • **Improved Bioavailability:** Effective absorption contributes to higher bioavailability of butyric acid molecules.*
  • **Better Palatability:** Supplement formulations that neutralize the unappealing taste and aroma of butyric acid promote better compliance.*

ProButyrate® is an advanced formulation created by Tesseract Medical Research designed to optimize butyric acid’s absorption, bioavailability, and palatability. Tesseract utilizes proprietary CyLoc® and DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology to ensure the integrity of butyric acid during its passage through the stomach, allowing for targeted delivery in the intestine. The encapsulated butyrate molecules enhance taste, making it easier for oral administration. By improving bioavailability, ProButyrate® can help unveil the health benefits of butyric acid for you.*

The allure of Tesseract supplements lies in their ability to enhance palatability, maximize absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dose nutrients within a singular, potent capsule. Browse our product range on our site and discover how they contribute to your gastrointestinal wellness. *

Citations:

1Steliou K, et al. BioResearch Open Access vol. 1,4 (): 192-198. doi:10./biores..

2Donohoe DR, Garge N, Zhang X, et al. Cell Metab. ;13(5):517-526. doi:10./j.cmet..02.018

3Peng K, et al. Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 14 . 24 Feb. , doi:10./fendo..

4Amiri P, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology vol. 12 . 2 Feb. , doi:10./fphar..

5Chen Z, et al. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology vol. 9 . 2 Nov. , doi:10./fcell..

6Carabotti, Marilia et al. Annals of gastroenterology vol. 28,2 (): 203-209.

7Zhu, Li-Bin et al. World journal of clinical pediatrics vol. 10,5 84-92. 9 Sep. , doi:10./wjcp.v10.i5.84

8Canani, Roberto Berni et al. World journal of gastroenterology vol. 17,12 (): -28. doi:10./wjg.v17.i12.

9Zeissig S, Fromm A, Mankertz J, et al. Gastroenterology. ;132(1):236-248. doi:10./j.gastro..10.033

10Böcker U, Nebe T, Herweck F, et al. Clin Exp Immunol. ;131(1):53-60. doi:10./j.-...x

11Sui SJ, Tian ZB, Wang QC, et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. ;22(14):-. doi:10./eurrev__

12Alpino GCÁ, Pereira-Sol GA, Dias MME, Aguiar AS, Peluzio MDCG. Beneficial effects of butyrate on brain functions: A view of epigenetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. ;64(12):-. doi:10./..

13Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, et al. Int J Mol Sci. ;23(3):. Published Jan 20. doi:10./ijms

14Brahe LK, Astrup A, Larsen LH. Obes Rev. ;14(12):950-959. doi:10./obr.

15Peng K, et al. Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 14 . 24 Feb. , doi:10./fendo..

16Amiri P, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology vol. 12 . 2 Feb. , doi:10./fphar..

17Aguilar EC, Leonel AJ, Teixeira LG, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. ;24(6):606-613. doi:10./j.numecd..01.002

18Chen Z, et al. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology vol. 9 . 2 Nov. , doi:10./fcell..
19Peng K, et al. Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospects. Frontiers in Endocrinology vol. 14 . 24 Feb. , doi:10./fendo..

79

0

Comments

Please Join Us to post.

0/2000

All Comments ( 0 )

Guest Posts

If you are interested in sending in a Guest Blogger Submission,welcome to write for us!

Your Name: (required)

Your Email: (required)

Subject:

Your Message: (required)