PVC vs HDPE: Pros, Cons and Benefits of Each

PVC vs HDPE: Pros, Cons and Benefits of Each

By Sharon Bueno

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PVC vs HDPE pipe, Trenchless Technology magazine explores the advantages and disadvantages of both PVC and HDPE.

PVC and HDPE are the most commonly used pipes in underground construction. This article provides a comparative analysis of PVC and HDPE pipes. We conducted a survey involving sewer system operators and engineers from across the United States about their pipe selection preferences. The results showed HDPE and PVC ranking either first or second in most categories. Both types of pipes are popular due to their wide range of applications and distinct advantages. To get an in-depth view, we interviewed the executive directors of the respective pipe associations: Michael Luckenbill from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association and Tony Radoszewski from the Plastic Pipe Institute.

Tell us about PPI/Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association.

Michael Luckenbill: Uni-Bell is a not-for-profit trade association representing major PVC pipe producers, staffed with engineers experienced in buried pipe applications. Since their introduction in North America in the 1950s, PVC pipes have become the standard for new installations of water and sewer pipes due to superior performance and low maintenance costs.
Tony Radoszewski: Founded in 1950, the Plastics Pipe Institute aims to promote plastic materials as the piping solution of choice. Our main objective is to provide a collaborative forum for member companies to expand the market for plastic piping products.

How important are pipe materials as part of the purchasing decision?

Michael Luckenbill: The efficiency and effectiveness of water and wastewater systems significantly impact the environment, public health, and local budgets. Corrosion costs the U.S. $36 billion annually, emphasizing the need for durable alternatives.
Tony Radoszewski: The choice of pipe material can be the most critical decision in any project, often more important than the cost. For instance, HDPE pipe is particularly suitable for trenchless installation methods due to its monolithic nature and flexibility.

What questions do you commonly hear from people who are shopping for new pipe? What are they looking for? How do you address them?

Tony Radoszewski: Previously, cost was the primary concern. Nowadays, environmental impact and sustainability are equally important. HDPE pipes have a smaller carbon footprint compared to iron or concrete pipes. They are lighter, which reduces transportation costs, and offer leak-free joints through fusion, conserving natural resources.
Michael Luckenbill: Recent years have seen a rise in pipe failures. As such, many utilities are seeking alternatives that promise longer-lasting and better-performing systems. PVC pipes have demonstrated their reliability with millions of miles installed successfully throughout North America.

With so many choices available, what are the key factors a buyer should consider when buying pipe?

Tony Radoszewski: Sustainability, service life, and lifetime costs are the primary considerations today. HDPE pipe is proven globally for various applications such as water, sewer, and natural gas distribution, thanks to its corrosion resistance and superior joint performance.
Michael Luckenbill: The choice should depend on the inherent compatibility of the material with the operating environment. PVC pipes, for instance, are highly resistant to permeation by contaminants and corrosion, and offer excellent long-term performance.

In a Trenchless Technology survey published in August 2008, PVC and HDPE were the top choices in pipe selections in various categories. Why are PVC and HDPE popular choices for trenchless applications?

Michael Luckenbill: The inherent properties of PVC and HDPE make them ideal for buried wastewater and water pipe applications. PVC's strength and stiffness make it suitable for direct burial, whereas HDPE’s flexibility makes it apt for installations requiring tight bending radii.
Tony Radoszewski: HDPE pipe’s flexibility and durability make it the preferred material for trenchless installations. The fused joints create leak-free systems, allowing for significant lengths to be installed with minimal surface disruption.

Why should I use a PVC over HDPE?

There are certain scenarios where using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is preferable over high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. Here’s why:

• Cost: PVC is generally less expensive than HDPE.
• Rigidity: PVC offers greater stiffness, making it suitable for applications like water mains or sewer lines.
• Temperature Tolerance: PVC can handle higher temperatures—up to 140°F, compared to HDPE's limit of approximately 120°F.
• Chemical Compatibility: PVC is more resistant to acids and bases.
• Pressure Ratings: PVC has a higher-pressure rating, ideal for high-pressure water systems.

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