Hose

Flexible hollow tube to carry fluids

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Water Hose

A hose is a pliable hollow tube engineered for the transportation of fluids between different points. These hoses are often referred to as pipes; however, the term pipe typically denotes a rigid structure, whereas a hose is usually flexible. The standard configuration of a hose is cylindrical in shape, featuring a circular cross-section.

The design of hoses is determined by their intended application and required performance characteristics. Key elements include diameter, pressure tolerance, weight, total length, whether the hose is straight or coiled, and its compatibility with various chemicals.

Typically, materials such as nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, as well as synthetic or natural rubbers are utilized according to the specific environmental conditions and pressure requirements. In recent advancements, hoses can also be crafted from specialized forms of polyethylene, notably low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). Other materials that may be employed include PTFE (commonly known as Teflon), stainless steel, and various other metals.

Reinforced Rubber Hose

For enhanced pressure resistance, hoses can be reinforced with materials such as fibers or steel cords. Common techniques for reinforcement include braiding, spiraling, knitting, and wrapping with fabric layers. While reinforcement improves the pressure capability, it also tends to increase stiffness. To maintain flexibility, hoses can be designed with corrugations or bellows. Circumferential or helical reinforcement rings are usually incorporated to retain these structures under internal pressure.

All hoses are tailored for the specific applications they will serve, and the STAMPED method can help in defining the exact requirements of a hose. STAMPED stands for:

• Size: Inner Diameter (I.D.), Overall Diameter (O.D.), and length specifics
• Temperature: Operating temperature limits
• Application: Purpose of the hose
• Material/Media: The substances that will flow through the hose
• Pressure: Maximum pressure ratings
• Ends: Connection types at both ends
• Delivery: Logistics and supply requirements

This comprehensive information allows suppliers or designers to cater specifically to the needs of the consumer. Additional factors influencing hose design include the dynamics of movement, the context of installation, and the expected lifespan. Hoses are further categorized based on broader applications such as offshore, land, oil, water, and chemical usage.

Applications

Hoses find utility in various environments for the transport of liquids or gases. They are used to convey fluids through either air or liquid media and are typically paired with components like clamps, spigots, flanges, and nozzles to effectively manage fluid distribution.

Specific applications for hoses are diverse, frequently linked to equipment like choke manifold, cement manifold, or standpipe manifold systems.

Additionally, there have been instances where rubber hoses were weaponized in confrontations, giving rise to the term "rubber-hose cryptanalysis".

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