Why is lead ore processing plant supplier Better?

When reduction is complete, the furnace is tapped and the lead drawn off to flow into drossing kettles or molds. At this stage, the semifinished product, 95 to 99 percent lead and containing dissolved metallic and nonmetallic (oxide and sulfide) impurities, is known as base bullion. The bullion is maintained at a temperature just above its melting point , about 330 °C (626 °F). At this temperature, the solubility of copper in lead is very low, so that the copper content segregates and forms a scum, or dross, on the surface of the bath in the drossing kettle. After this is skimmed off, more copper and other impurities are brought to the surface by stirring sulfur and lead pyrite into the bath or by agitating it with submerged air lances. These impurities are also skimmed off, and the remaining base bullion is refined to yield lead of commercial quality (see below).

You will get efficient and thoughtful service from RE TECH.

Roasting fuses the remaining ingredients into a brittle product called sinter, which consists of oxides of lead, zinc, iron, and silicon along with lime, metallic lead, and some remaining sulfur. This material is broken into lumps as it is discharged from the moving grate. The prefluxed, lumpy sinter is then loaded into the top of a heated blast furnace, along with the coke fuel. A blast of air is admitted to the lower part of the furnace to aid combustion of the coke, generating a temperature of about 1,200 °C (2,200 °F) and producing carbon monoxide . This gas then reacts with the metallic oxides, producing carbon dioxide and molten metal. Nonmetallic wastes form a slag with the fluxing materials.

Before lead concentrate can be charged into traditional blast furnaces for smelting , it must be roasted to remove most of the sulfur and to agglomerate further the fine flotation products so that they will not be blown out of the blast furnace . Various fluxing materials, such as limestone or iron ore, are mixed with the ore concentrate. The mix is spread on a moving grate, and air is blown through at a temperature of 1,400 °C (2,550 °F). The sulfur, along with coke additions, serves as a fuel and is combusted to sulfur dioxide gas, which is usually recovered for the production of sulfuric acid as a by-product .

Direct smelting

Indirect smelting in roasters and blast furnaces began to be replaced in the s by several direct smelting processes conducted in relatively small, intensive reactors. These processes require neither the sintering of feed materials nor the use of metallurgical coke; also, they produce lower volumes of gas and dust that would require treatment with pollution-control equipment. In general, direct smelting can be divided into two categories: (1) submerged smelting, as in the QSL and Isasmelt processes, in which the refining reactions occur in a liquid (i.e., molten metal, matte, or slag), and (2) suspension smelting, as in the KIVCET process, in which the reactions occur between gases and solids.

KIVCET is a Russian acronym for &#;flash-cyclone-oxygen-electric-smelting.&#; A three-part KIVCET furnace comprises the reaction shaft, waste-gas shaft, and electric furnace, all connected with a common settling hearth. It employs the autogenous (that is, fuel-less) flash smelting of raw materials, with the heat-producing oxidation of the concentrated sulfide ore raising the temperature to 1,300&#;1,400 °C (2,375&#;2,550 °F), which is enough to reduce the oxidized materials to metal. In operation, the process involves the proportioning, drying, and mixing of the lead-bearing materials and fluxes, followed by their injection into the reaction shaft, where they are ignited by a heated blast of commercially pure oxygen. The smelted lead bullion and slag collect in the hearth, while zinc vapour undergoes combustion with carbon monoxide in the electric furnace to produce zinc oxide. Sulfurous gases generated by the smelting process are tapped from the waste shaft to heat steam and to produce sulfuric acid as a by-product.

The KIVCET process appears to produce significantly less flue dust than other direct processes, and its furnace brickwork has a longer service life. However, its use of electricity rather than fossil fuel usually militates against its use for eliminating zinc from the slag.

The QSL, or Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi, process treats all grades of lead concentrates, including chemically complex secondary minerals, in a refractory-lined reactor into which oxygen and natural gas are blown through tuyeres at the bottom. The &#;green,&#; or unroasted, charge is first oxidized in a molten bath by the submerged oxygen injection; this produces a flue gas carrying oxides of lead and zinc as well as a slag containing 80 percent of the zinc from the charge. Reduction of the metal oxides occurs when they contact carbon monoxide produced by the natural-gas injection. The concentrates employed in the QSL process are not briquetted or dried before being fed to the reactor. Moisture content is held to 7&#;8 percent in order to minimize dusting.

For more lead ore processing plant supplierinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

In the Isasmelt process, a gas or air lance is brought in through the top of a furnace and its tip submerged in the sulfide concentrate. A blast from the lance produces a turbulent bath in which the concentrates are oxidized to produce a high-lead slag. This slag is tapped continuously and transferred to a second furnace, where it is reduced with coal. Crude lead and slag are tapped continuously from the second furnace and separated for further refining.

Process Description

This process adopts fully automatic waste lead-acid battery crushing and sorting production line, which can effectively sort out various materials of different weight and nature after crushing, with high automation, high production efficiency and good safety performance; The system has full screen monitoring and automatic alarm; good environmental protection effect, close circulation of acid, no external emission, and acid mist collected centrally and discharged by cleaning and filtering treatment to meet the environmental standard.

The smelting workshop adopts oxygen-enriched side-blowing furnace process for smelting, which can handle various materials such as lead paste, lead ore, lead slag, lead-containing dust and scrap, etc. As oxygen-rich air is blown into the side-blown furnace as the reaction condition, the oxygen-rich air stirs the slag vigorously, the smelting reaction occurs fully and quickly, and the amount of air needed to be blown into the reaction is less, which makes the SO2 concentration in the flue gas after the reaction high enough to reach the content requirement of sulfuric acid production.,which not only achieves the standard emission of SO2 in the flue gas, but also increases the economic income by adding sulfuric acid as by-product..

The oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace recycling process adopts the principle of molten pool melting and adopts intelligent batching system to realize scientific raw material proportioning, so that the slag and crude lead can be separated and recycled with high efficiency, while the slag as by-product, after water quenching, directly forms solid waste glass, which can be used as material for building materials such as cement.

After multi-step treatment such as waste heat boiler, electric dust collection and ionic liquid purification, the tail gas produced by smelting, its indexes such as particulate matter content, SO2 content and NOx content can reach the emission standards of many countries, and the system can also be designed according to the local environmental protection requirements. Lead processing plants are essential for industries that rely on lead, such as battery manufacturing, automotive, construction, and electronics. They play a critical role in ensuring the supply of high-quality lead for various applications while adhering to environmental and safety regulations.

Electro-refining system is designed to recovery the precious metal from anode slime and get lead reach purity over 99.99%.

If you want to learn more, please visit our website pb paste refining.