Calcium Carbide

Deoxidation, desulphurisation, and slag reduction

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Alzchem manufactures calcium carbide using lime, coke, and electrical energy at various locations across Europe.

The production process involves mixing lime and coke, which are then heated to temperatures exceeding 2,000 degrees Celsius. The reaction occurs via an electric arc in low-shaft furnaces, making it a highly energy-consuming process.

In metallurgy, calcium carbide is valued by customers for its ability to treat alkaline slags and reduce dissolved metals. When it comes into contact with water, it produces acetylene, a gas prized for its exceptionally high welding temperatures. No other hydrocarbon can achieve such elevated local welding temperatures.

What is Calcium Carbide?

Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound utilized in various industries for production purposes. It is important to note that calcium carbide is not safe for human consumption.

Chemical Structure

Calcium carbide, which is also referred to as calcium acetylide, has a chemical formula of CaC2, comprising one atom of calcium and two atoms of carbon.

This compound is primarily used in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide. In moist conditions, technical grade calcium carbide emits a distinctive garlic-like odor.

When exposed to water, it generates acetylene gas, which is widely used in cutting torches and welding applications.

According to the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC), calcium carbide is a crucial ingredient in the majority of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) products manufactured in China.

The production of calcium carbide has historically involved the use of lime and coal in a furnace. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified that particulate matter and other byproducts can enter the environment during its production.

Fortunately, hydrocarbon emissions during this process are minimal. Pure calcium carbide appears as a colorless, crystalline solid resembling rock salt, and it demonstrates flames that are significantly hotter than typical flames.

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How is Calcium Carbide Produced?

Creating calcium carbide involves a complex and intricate process requiring specific materials and machinery. A furnace, lime, and coal are essential components for its production.

This method necessitates achieving high temperatures, which cannot be accomplished by traditional furnaces; thus, an electric arc furnace is needed.

The required high temperatures cannot be attained through conventional combustion processes. Ultimately, the resulting product is approximately 80 percent calcium carbide.

• Step 1: Load lime and coal into the arc furnace.
• Step 2: Heat the furnace to a minimum temperature of 3,632 degrees Fahrenheit (2,000 degrees Celsius) while ensuring it does not exceed 3,812 degrees Fahrenheit (2,100 degrees Celsius).
• Step 3: Place the electrode paste near the electric arc of the furnace to bake it.
• Step 4: Feed the baked electrode into the furnace to act as a catalyst for the lime and coal.
• Step 5: Once baking is completed, transfer the molten calcium carbide into a chilling mechanism for solidification.
• Step 6: Crush or break the solidified calcium carbide into the desired size using appropriate tools.

Applications of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide serves numerous purposes. Its primary application is in the manufacturing of acetylene gas, which is further used in carbide lamps.

Additionally, it is utilized in chemicals for fertilizers, the steel-making process, and for hardening steel. Historically, acetylene solutions were used for street lighting.

When reacted with nitrogen, calcium carbide produces calcium cyanamide, commonly referred to as nitro lime, which is a standard fertilizer.

Moreover, it functions as a ripening agent for food and finds uses in toy cannons and bamboo cannons.

It is also employed alongside calcium phosphide in the production of floating, self-igniting solar flares.

Question and Answer

Question: Which of the following is not used in the production of calcium carbide?

A. Calcium
B. Limestone
C. Coal
D. Carbon

Answer: The correct option is A, as calcium itself is not directly employed in the production process; instead, limestone fulfills calcium requirements.

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For further information, please visit Calcium Carbide Producer.