May. 13, 2024
MMO-coated titanium anodes are a special type of DSA anode, characterized by coatings of mixed metal oxides like ruthenium-iridium and iridium-tantalum on a titanium base. Initially, MMO-coated titanium anodes were developed for chlorine production via seawater electrolysis and have been widely adopted in cathodic protection (CP) applications since the 1980s. Before this innovation, graphite was the prevalent anode material—graphite, incidentally, is commonly known as the material in pencil cores. Let’s explore why titanium anodes have significant advantages over traditional graphite electrodes.
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Titanium anodes do not suffer from the dissolution issues seen with graphite and lead anodes, which means they avoid contaminating electrolytes and cathode products. This leads to higher purity in the final metal products.
In the chlor-alkali industry that utilizes the diaphragm method, titanium anodes demonstrate remarkable durability by resisting corrosion from chlorine and alkali. They last over six years, compared to just eight months for graphite anodes.
Titanium anodes do not deform like lead anodes, eliminating short-circuit problems and thereby boosting current efficiency.
When producing chlor-alkali using the diaphragm method, titanium anodes can handle a working current density of 17A/dm², significantly higher than the 8A/dm² for graphite anodes. This means production can potentially double under the same electrolytic conditions, enhancing single tank capacity and labor productivity.
Metal anodes, including titanium, allow for high-temperature and high-current-density operation in chlorate electrolyzers. They improve the structure of the electrolyzer, reduce electrical energy consumption, and accelerate the chemical reaction, thereby enhancing production performance.
Modern DSA technology incorporating titanium anodes has optimized salt electrolyzer operations and reduced energy consumption. The advent of titanium anodes has yielded considerable economic benefits in the chlor-alkali industry—approximately 70% of the 41 million tons/year global production capacity now employs titanium anodes. This shift is considered a technological revolution in this sector.
Titanium anodes maintain a consistent size during electrolysis, ensuring stable tank voltage. They are also lightweight and easy to manufacture with high precision, reducing labor intensity. Additionally, titanium can be reused.
Titanium anodes exhibit strong corrosion resistance, performing well in various corrosive and special electrolytic environments.
Titanium anodes operate at lower voltages, reducing electrical energy consumption by 10% to 20%. In the 1960s, global salt electrolysis consumed about 150 billion kilowatt-hours annually; using metal anodes saves around 300 million kilowatt-hours per year.
The introduction of titanium anodes has facilitated the industrialization of the latest ion membrane electrolysis technologies in the chlor-alkali sector.
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Using titanium anodes in chlor-alkali production results in high-quality products, with high-purity chlorine gas free of CO2 and high-concentration alkali. This reduces the need for steam heating, thereby saving energy.
Mixing different oxides can influence the electrocatalytic performance of the oxides by altering the microstructure, surface composition, and morphology of the electrocatalyst components.
At DINOR, we sell MMO coated titanium anodes and can customize oxide coating materials for various applications and environments. If you need to know more, please contact our experts.
MMO coated titanium anodes are a form of DSA anode, combining mixed metal oxide coatings like ruthenium iridium or iridium tantalum on a titanium substrate. Initially developed for chlorine production via seawater electrolysis, these anodes have found extensive use in cathodic protection applications since the 1980s. Thanks to their many advantages, MMO coated titanium anodes are employed in environments including seawater, brackish water, freshwater, carbon backfill, and concrete. Dinor can tailor these anodes to specific sizes and requirements, providing options like MMO tube anodes and various other titanium anodes.
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